Encoding of direct 4D printing of isotropic single-material system for double-curvature and multimodal morphing

The ability to morph flat sheets into complex 3D shapes is extremely useful for fast manufacturing and saving materials while also allowing volumetrically efficient storage shipment a functional use. Direct 4D printing compelling method out of as-printed 2D plates. However, most direct methods require multi-material systems involving costly machines. Moreover, works have used an open-cell design shape shifting by encoding collection 1D rib deformations, which cannot remain structurally stable. Here, we demonstrate the isotropic single-material system continuous bilayer plates doubly curved multimodal whose geometry can be locked after deployment. We develop inverse-design algorithm that integrates extrusion-based directly raw printed sheet geometries such as surface with locking. Furthermore, our tool encodes localized shape-memory anisotropy during process, providing processing conditions target morphed geometry. Our approach could conventional various applications including biomedical devices, deployable structures, smart textiles, pop-up Kirigami structures.